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Rhode Island driving lesson · Driving Emergencies

Skids & Brake Failure

A 3-minute lesson from the Rhode Island course. Read the rules and examples, follow the handbook page references, and check your understanding before you move on.

Read time
3 minutes
Course unit
Driving Emergencies
Checkpoint questions
6
Source pages
43

Every emergency is different, but knowing the handbook's steps ahead of time lets you act instead of freeze. Most skids start with a driver who didn't adjust speed to the road and traffic. How you brake depends on whether your car has anti-lock brakes.

Know the rule

Most skids are caused by the driver's failure to adjust speed to road and traffic conditions. On wet or icy roads, never make sudden changes in speed or direction.

Handbook p. 43 ↗

Know the rule

Conventional (non-ABS) brakes on a slippery road: apply the brakes by very gently pumping them, and keep a proper speed.

Handbook p. 43 ↗

ABS (Anti-lock Braking System)

A computer-controlled system that keeps the wheels turning during emergency braking, so the car won't skid and you can still steer.

Handbook p. 43 ↗

Know the rule

With ABS, do not pump the brakes—pumping could cancel the feature and lock the brakes. Press the pedal firmly and hold it until you stop. A pulsating pedal is normal.

Handbook p. 43 ↗

If your vehicle starts to skid:

  • Let off the gas
  • Keep your foot off the brake and the clutch
  • Let the vehicle slow gradually
  • Look and steer in the direction you want to go
  • Be ready to steer left and right a few times until you regain control
Handbook p. 43 ↗

Know the rule

There are no set rules: front-, rear- and all-wheel-drive cars may need different techniques. Read your owner's manual before an emergency.

Handbook p. 43 ↗

Total brake failure (pedal goes to the floor):

  • Pump the brake pedal—even with ABS—to try to restore pressure
  • Downshift to a lower gear to use engine braking
  • Engage the parking brake; release it briefly if the car begins to skid
  • Steer toward an open zone; as a last resort rub the wheels against a curb
  • If a crash can't be avoided, steer for a sideswipe instead of a head-on hit
Handbook p. 43 ↗
3 or 4 pumps

After this many pumps you'll know if the brakes will hold

Handbook p. 43 ↗

Put it into practice

Your brake pedal suddenly sinks to the floor on a downhill street. Pump it several times, shift to a lower gear, and ease on the parking brake. If you're still rolling, steer toward open space and use the curb to scrub off speed.

Check your understanding

Read the question, decide on an answer, then open it to check the explanation. These are Roadwise study questions based on the source handbook.

What is the first step to control a vehicle that begins to skid?
  1. Slam on the brakes
  2. Turn the wheel sharply away from the skid
  3. Shift into a lower gear immediately
  4. Let off the gas

Answer: Let off the gas

The first step to control a skidding vehicle is to let off the gas and let the vehicle slow gradually.

Handbook p. 43 ↗
Your vehicle has anti-lock brakes (ABS). How should you brake hard on a wet or icy road?
  1. Press the pedal firmly and maintain pressure
  2. Pump the brake pedal repeatedly
  3. Release the brake and coast to a stop
  4. Shift to neutral and coast

Answer: Press the pedal firmly and maintain pressure

With ABS, press the pedal firmly and maintain pressure; pumping ABS brakes can cancel the feature and cause a skid.

Handbook p. 43 ↗
On a vehicle with conventional (non-ABS) brakes on a slippery road, how should you brake?
  1. Press firmly and hold without pumping
  2. Very gently pump the brakes
  3. Pump the brake as hard as possible
  4. Avoid using the brakes at all

Answer: Very gently pump the brakes

On vehicles with conventional brakes, gently pump the brakes while maintaining proper speed for conditions.

Handbook p. 43 ↗
If your brake pedal goes straight to the floor (total brake failure), what should you try first?
  1. Turn off the ignition immediately
  2. Shift to neutral and coast
  3. Pump the brake pedal, even with ABS
  4. Swerve onto the shoulder at once

Answer: Pump the brake pedal, even with ABS

Pump the brake pedal even with ABS; it might temporarily restore enough brake fluid pressure to slow the vehicle.

Handbook p. 43 ↗
After how many pumps of the brake pedal will you generally know if your brakes are going to hold during total brake failure?
  1. Ten or more
  2. Just one
  3. About twenty pumps of the pedal
  4. Three or four

Answer: Three or four

You will know after three or four pumps whether the brakes are going to hold.

Handbook p. 43 ↗
What does ABS stand for?
  1. Automatic Brake Sensor
  2. Advanced Braking Standard
  3. Anti-lock Braking System
  4. Accelerated Brake Support

Answer: Anti-lock Braking System

ABS stands for Anti-lock Braking System, which keeps wheels rotating during emergency braking.

Handbook p. 43 ↗
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