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Pennsylvania driving lesson · Occupant Safety and Other Laws

Child passenger safety

A 3-minute lesson from the Pennsylvania course. Read the rules and examples, follow the handbook page references, and check your understanding before you move on.

Read time
3 minutes
Course unit
Occupant Safety and Other Laws
Checkpoint questions
6
Source pages
94, 95

Vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death and injury for children in the United States. Pennsylvania's child restraint law sets the seat a child needs by age, and the driver is responsible for getting it right.

About 7,000

Children under age 5 involved in crashes in Pennsylvania each year

Handbook p. 94 ↗

Child Passenger Protection Act 229

Child Passenger Protection Act 229
Child's ageRequired restraint
Under 2Rear-facing car seat until it's outgrown
Under 4Federally approved child safety seat, any seat
4 to under 8Booster seat with lap and shoulder belts, any seat
8 to under 18Seat belt, front or back seat
Handbook p. 94 ↗

Know the rule

A child under 2 stays rear-facing until outgrowing the maximum weight and height limits set by the car seat's manufacturer. Child safety seats are secured with the seat belt or the vehicle's LATCH system.

Handbook p. 94 ↗

Know the rule

Drivers are responsible for securing children in an approved restraint and for making sure all children under 18 are buckled up.

Handbook p. 94 ↗

Know the rule

Never install a rear-facing child seat in the front seat if an air bag is present: the air bag hits the back of the seat with tremendous force and can severely injure or kill the infant.

Handbook p. 94 ↗

Know the rule

Read your vehicle manual and the seat's instructions so you can attach the seat tightly and secure the child snugly.

Handbook p. 94 ↗

Know the rule

Bulky winter coats compress in a crash and leave slack in the harness. The harness must be snug on the child's body.

Handbook p. 94 ↗
10 minutes

Time for a car's interior to reach deadly heat when it's in the low 80s outside, even with a window down two inches

Handbook p. 94 ↗

Preventing vehicle heatstroke

  • Never leave a child or pet alone in a car, even with windows partly open
  • Never let kids play in an unattended vehicle
  • Put your purse, briefcase or phone in the back seat so you'll see a child there
  • Keep a stuffed animal in the empty car seat; move it to the front when the child is in
Handbook p. 94 ↗

Put it into practice

You're driving your 5-year-old niece to school. By law she must ride in a federally approved booster seat used with the lap and shoulder belt, whether she sits in front or back.

Check your understanding

Read the question, decide on an answer, then open it to check the explanation. These are Roadwise study questions based on the source handbook.

Children younger than age 2 must ride in what type of car seat?
  1. A forward-facing car seat only
  2. A rear-facing seat until it's outgrown
  3. A booster seat
  4. A regular seat belt is sufficient

Answer: A rear-facing seat until it's outgrown

Children under 2 must be in a rear-facing seat until they exceed the manufacturer's limits.

Handbook p. 94 ↗
Why should a rear-facing car seat never be placed in a front seat with an active air bag?
  1. The seat belt can't hold the seat tightly
  2. The child can reach the dashboard controls
  3. The air bag can hit the seat and injure the infant
  4. The air bag won't deploy with a seat there

Answer: The air bag can hit the seat and injure the infant

An air bag striking a rear-facing seat can transmit dangerous force to an infant's head.

Handbook p. 94 ↗
Under the Child Passenger Protection Act, children under age 4 must be secured in:
  1. A seat belt alone
  2. A booster seat with a lap belt
  3. A seat belt if riding in back
  4. A federally-approved child safety seat

Answer: A federally-approved child safety seat

Children under 4 must be buckled into a federally-approved child safety seat, secured by the seat belt or LATCH system, front or back.

Handbook p. 94 ↗
Children ages 4 to under 8 must be secured in what type of restraint?
  1. A booster seat with lap and shoulder belts
  2. A rear-facing infant seat
  3. A seat belt alone
  4. A booster seat with a lap belt only

Answer: A booster seat with lap and shoulder belts

Children 4 to under 8 must use a federally-approved booster seat, and boosters must be used with lap and shoulder belts.

Handbook p. 94 ↗
How quickly can the temperature inside a parked car reach deadly levels on a warm day, even with a window cracked?
  1. About 1 hour
  2. In 10 minutes
  3. About 30 minutes
  4. About 3 hours

Answer: In 10 minutes

Vehicle interiors can reach deadly temperatures in as little as 10 minutes.

Handbook p. 94 ↗
Why can thick winter coats reduce car seat safety?
  1. They make the child too warm, causing overheating
  2. They interfere with the car seat's plastic shell
  3. They compress, leaving slack in the harness
  4. They have no real effect on safety

Answer: They compress, leaving slack in the harness

Bulky coats compress during a crash, leaving the harness too loose to protect the child.

Handbook p. 94 ↗
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