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Montana driving lesson · Driving Rules

Bicycle riding rules and equipment

A 3-minute lesson from the Montana course. Read the rules and examples, follow the handbook page references, and check your understanding before you move on.

Read time
3 minutes
Course unit
Driving Rules
Checkpoint questions
5
Source pages
53, 54

Knowing the rules cyclists must follow helps you predict where they'll be. Riders generally keep right and ride single file, but the law gives them clear exceptions.

Know the rule

A cyclist riding slower than traffic must ride as near the right side of the road as practicable — which doesn't always mean on the shoulder.

Handbook p. 53 ↗

A cyclist may move away from the right edge to

  • Overtake and pass a vehicle going the same direction
  • Prepare for a left turn at an intersection or into a private road or driveway
  • Avoid objects, vehicles, pedestrians, animals or surface hazards
  • Avoid a lane too narrow for a bike and a vehicle to share side by side
Handbook p. 53 ↗

Know the rule

People riding bicycles on a roadway must ride single file, except as the law allows.

Handbook p. 53 ↗

Exceptions to single file

  • On bike paths or road parts set aside only for bicycles
  • When overtaking and passing another bicycle
  • On a paved shoulder or parking lane — two abreast allowed
  • In one lane of a road with 2+ lanes each way — two abreast, if no more impeding than single file
Handbook p. 53 ↗

Required bicycle equipment

  • At night: a front light with white light visible at least 500 feet
  • Rear-facing red reflectors (a red rear light visible 500 feet may be added)
  • At night: reflective tire sidewalls, or spoke reflectors within 3 inches (76 mm) of the rim
  • Front wheel reflectors colorless or amber; rear wheel reflectors amber or red
  • A brake that can skid the wheels on dry, level, clean pavement
Handbook p. 54 ↗
500 feet

Distance a bicycle's white front light must be visible at night

Handbook p. 54 ↗

Know the rule

Cyclists are encouraged to fly a fluorescent orange flag at least 6 feet above the road, visible from the rear.

Handbook p. 54 ↗

Know the rule

A major cause of bike crashes is that motorists don't see the cyclist. Think of a bicycle as a vehicle, and take extra care entering streets, crossing bikeways or sidewalks, and turning.

Handbook p. 54 ↗

Put it into practice

A cyclist ahead drifts from the right edge toward the center as you both near an intersection. They're probably getting ready to turn left, which the law allows. Stay back and let them make the turn.

Check your understanding

Read the question, decide on an answer, then open it to check the explanation. These are Roadwise study questions based on the source handbook.

How must individuals riding bicycles on a roadway generally ride, with limited exceptions?
  1. Always two abreast
  2. Single file
  3. In the center of the lane
  4. Only on sidewalks

Answer: Single file

Bicyclists must generally ride single file, except in specific situations like passing or riding two abreast where permitted.

Handbook p. 53 ↗
When may two bicyclists legally ride two abreast on a laned roadway with at least two lanes per direction?
  1. Never, this is always illegal
  2. Only on roads posted under 35 mph
  3. If it doesn't impede traffic more than single file
  4. Only when passing a parked car

Answer: If it doesn't impede traffic more than single file

Riding two abreast within a single lane is allowed if it doesn't impede traffic more than riding single file would.

Handbook p. 53 ↗
At night, a bicycle's front light must emit a white light visible from what distance?
  1. 500 feet
  2. 300 feet
  3. 100 feet
  4. 1,000 feet

Answer: 500 feet

A bicycle's front light must be white and visible for at least 500 feet at night.

Handbook p. 54 ↗
What must the front reflectors on a bicycle's wheel be colored?
  1. Red or amber
  2. Red only
  3. Colorless or amber
  4. Blue or green

Answer: Colorless or amber

Front wheel reflectors on a bicycle must be essentially colorless or amber; rear wheel reflectors must be amber or red.

Handbook p. 54 ↗
What must a bicycle be equipped with to legally stop safely on dry, clean pavement?
  1. A horn audible for 100 feet
  2. Turn signal lights
  3. A rearview mirror
  4. A brake able to skid the wheels

Answer: A brake able to skid the wheels

Montana law requires a bicycle brake capable of making the wheels skid on dry, level, clean pavement.

Handbook p. 54 ↗
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