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Washington driving lesson · Handling Your Vehicle

Balanced weight and reference points

A 3-minute lesson from the Washington course. Read the rules and examples, follow the handbook page references, and check your understanding before you move on.

Read time
3 minutes
Course unit
Handling Your Vehicle
Checkpoint questions
6
Source pages
60, 61, 62, 63, 187, 190

Your car's weight shifts every time you speed up, stop, or turn. Knowing which way it shifts helps you stay smooth and stable. Reference points on your car help you judge exactly where your bumper and wheels are when you can't see them.

Know the rule

Keep the vehicle's weight evenly balanced across the tires. Regular maintenance, correct tire pressure, and alignment checks help.

Handbook p. 60 ↗

How weight moves

How weight moves
MotionWhat it isHappens when
PitchForward-and-backward shiftAccelerate: weight to rear. Stop hard: weight to front
RollSide-to-side tiltLeft turn: weight shifts onto the right (outside) side
YawFront and back fall out of line; zig-zagYou turn the wheel sharply from side to side
Handbook p. 60 ↗
Vehicle weight balance shifting
Pitch, roll, and yaw

Know the rule

When you accelerate, weight shifts to the back and increases pressure on the rear. When you stop abruptly, weight shifts forward onto the front.

Handbook p. 60 ↗

Know the rule

In a left turn, centrifugal force transfers weight down onto the outside (right) side, and the body of the vehicle rolls to one side.

Handbook p. 61 ↗

Know the rule

Turning the wheel sharply side to side makes the front wheels turn while the back might slide a bit, creating a zig-zag motion.

Handbook p. 62 ↗

Pitch of vehicle

The angle of a vehicle's front or back.

Handbook p. 187 ↗

Yaw

The side-to-side movement of a vehicle.

Handbook p. 190 ↗

Reference points

Lines on the road or objects near your vehicle that help you know your location on the road.

Handbook p. 187 ↗

Examples of vehicle reference points:

  • Left headlight
  • Center of hood
  • Side view mirrors
  • Rear bumper
Handbook p. 62 ↗

Know the rule

At an intersection, stopping when the stop line is under your side mirror puts you about 3 to 6 inches from the line.

Handbook p. 62 ↗

Know the rule

If the center of your hood lines up with the lane markings, you're about 3 to 6 inches from the edge of the lane.

Handbook p. 63 ↗
Line of sight to reference point (following distance)
Line of sight to a reference point

Put it into practice

Pulling up to a stop line, glance down at your side mirror. When the line appears under the mirror, stop: your front bumper is about 3 to 6 inches behind the line.

Check your understanding

Read the question, decide on an answer, then open it to check the explanation. These are Roadwise study questions based on the source handbook.

What happens to your vehicle's weight when you accelerate?
  1. It shifts to the outside wheels
  2. It shifts to the back, increasing rear pressure
  3. It shifts to the front
  4. It stays perfectly balanced

Answer: It shifts to the back, increasing rear pressure

Accelerating shifts weight to the back, increasing pressure on the rear of the vehicle.

Handbook p. 60 ↗
What is the side-to-side tilting motion of a vehicle called?
  1. Roll
  2. Pitch
  3. Yaw
  4. Drift

Answer: Roll

Roll is the side-to-side motion of a vehicle, such as when its weight shifts during a turn.

Handbook p. 61 ↗
What is the forward-and-backward motion of a vehicle's weight called?
  1. Roll
  2. Yaw
  3. Bounce
  4. Pitch

Answer: Pitch

Pitch is the forward and backward motion, such as weight shifting forward under hard braking.

Handbook p. 60 ↗
During a left turn, which side of the vehicle does centrifugal force push weight onto?
  1. Evenly onto both sides
  2. The rear only
  3. The right (outer) side
  4. The left (inside) side

Answer: The right (outer) side

A left turn's centrifugal force transfers weight down onto the outside, or right, side of the vehicle.

Handbook p. 61 ↗
When the stop line sits under your side mirror as you stop, about how far is the front of your vehicle from the line?
  1. 1 foot
  2. 3 to 6 inches
  3. 1 to 2 feet
  4. 6 to 12 inches

Answer: 3 to 6 inches

Stopping with the line under your side mirror puts you about 3 to 6 inches from it.

Handbook p. 62 ↗
What's the zig-zag, side-to-side movement of the front and back of a car called when you steer sharply?
  1. Yaw
  2. Roll
  3. Pitch
  4. Skew

Answer: Yaw

Yaw describes the front and back of the car not staying lined up, creating a zig-zag motion.

Handbook p. 61 ↗
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