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New Jersey driving lesson · Defensive Driving

Night driving, city and highway, work zones

A 4-minute lesson from the New Jersey course. Read the rules and examples, follow the handbook page references, and check your understanding before you move on.

Read time
4 minutes
Course unit
Defensive Driving
Checkpoint questions
5
Source pages
102, 103, 104, 105, 106

Nearly 90 percent of driving decisions depend on what you see, and at night you see less. City streets bring pedestrians and frequent intersections; highways and work zones bring speed and surprises. Adjust your speed and scanning to each.

Know the rule

At night, slow down and drive within the range of your headlights; be sure you can stop within the distance you can see ahead.

Handbook p. 102 ↗
1.5 seconds

Nighttime reaction time used in the manual's night stopping chart

Handbook p. 102 ↗

Night stopping distances (low beams)

Night stopping distances (low beams)
SpeedReactionBrakingTotal
20 mph44 ft31 ft75 ft
30 mph66 ft69 ft135 ft
40 mph88 ft123 ft211 ft
50 mph110 ft192 ft302 ft
60 mph132 ft277 ft409 ft
70 mph154 ft376 ft530 ft
Handbook p. 102 ↗

Night driving rules

  • Headlights on at dusk, night, dawn, on dark days, and when visibility is under 500 feet
  • Headlights on whenever windshield wipers are in use
  • Drive more slowly than in daylight
  • Watch for signs, slow or unlit vehicles, bicycles, pedestrians and animals
  • Allow bigger safety margins than in daylight
Handbook p. 103 ↗

Know the rule

Pedestrians and people in wheelchairs or mobility-assistance vehicles always have the right-of-way in a crosswalk, marked or unmarked.

Handbook p. 103 ↗
12 seconds

How far ahead to look in city driving; at 25 mph on a clear city road, about a block

Handbook p. 103 ↗

City intersection tips

  • Mid-block, check the next intersection for traffic controls
  • Approaching, slow down, glance left then right, and keep your foot on the brake
  • At a crosswalk be at your lowest speed; decide to stop or go
  • No signals means no traffic control: look, listen, think
Handbook p. 104 ↗

Know the rule

On highways, speeding or driving too fast for conditions is one of the most common crash factors. Stay alert even on wide, open roads.

Handbook p. 104 ↗

Know the rule

Slow down for hills, dips, narrow bridges, bumps and railroad tracks. In farm country, watch for livestock or deer, and slow until an animal has passed.

Handbook p. 104 ↗

Know the rule

Traffic fines are doubled in roadway construction zones. Work zones are marked by an advance warning sign or flashing lights up to one-half mile before the work area, and end with an End Road Work sign.

Handbook p. 105 ↗

Work zone basics

  • Stay alert and pay close attention to signs and flaggers
  • Turn on headlights so workers can see you
  • Don't tailgate or speed
  • Minimize distractions: no radio changes or hands-free calls
  • Expect workers and equipment, and be patient
Handbook p. 106 ↗

Put it into practice

At 40 mph on a dark country road, you need about 211 feet to stop after spotting a deer, far more than the 167 feet you'd need in daylight. That's why you slow down at night.

Check your understanding

Read the question, decide on an answer, then open it to check the explanation. These are Roadwise study questions based on the source handbook.

According to the manual's night driving stopping distance chart, what is the approximate total stopping distance at 40 mph at night?
  1. 167 feet
  2. 302 feet
  3. 135 feet
  4. 211 feet

Answer: 211 feet

The nighttime stopping distance chart lists approximately 211 feet total stopping distance at 40 mph.

Handbook p. 102 ↗
What nighttime reaction time is used in the manual's night driving stopping distance chart?
  1. 1.5 seconds
  2. 3/4 second
  3. 1 second
  4. 2.5 seconds

Answer: 1.5 seconds

The night driving distance table is based on a nighttime reaction time of 1.5 seconds, longer than the daytime figure.

Handbook p. 102 ↗
While driving at 25 mph in a city on a clear road, how far ahead should a motorist be able to see?
  1. About 100 feet ahead
  2. About a quarter mile ahead
  3. About a block ahead
  4. Only the vehicle directly in front

Answer: About a block ahead

While driving at 25 mph on a clear city road, a motorist should be able to see about a block ahead.

Handbook p. 103 ↗
According to the manual's night driving stopping distance chart, what is the approximate total stopping distance at 60 mph at night?
  1. 343 feet
  2. 409 feet
  3. 277 feet
  4. 530 feet

Answer: 409 feet

The nighttime chart lists approximately 409 feet total stopping distance at 60 mph, longer than the daytime figure of 343 feet.

Handbook p. 102 ↗
Work zones are identified by an advance warning sign or flashing lights on a vehicle up to how far before the work area?
  1. One-quarter mile
  2. One-half mile
  3. One mile
  4. 500 feet

Answer: One-half mile

The manual says work zones are identified by a warning sign or flashing lights up to one-half mile before the work area.

Handbook p. 105 ↗
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