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Indiana driving lesson · Safe Vehicle Operation

Following distance, skids & rollovers

A 4-minute lesson from the Indiana course. Read the rules and examples, follow the handbook page references, and check your understanding before you move on.

Read time
4 minutes
Course unit
Safe Vehicle Operation
Checkpoint questions
6
Source pages
46, 47

Speed eats up distance fast. Keep a time gap to the car ahead so you have room to react, and know how to recover when your tires lose grip.

How far you travel

How far you travel
SpeedFeet per secondSeconds per football field
35 mph51.3 (2.6 lanes)5.8
55 mph80.7 (4 lanes)3.7
70 mph102.7 (5.1 lanes)2.9
Handbook p. 46 ↗
2–3 seconds

Minimum gap to keep behind the vehicle ahead

Handbook p. 46 ↗

Know the rule

To measure it, watch the vehicle ahead pass a fixed object, then count the seconds until you pass the same object.

Handbook p. 46 ↗

Factors that affect how quickly a vehicle can stop:

  • Weight of the vehicle
  • Type and condition of brakes
  • Type and condition of tires
  • Physical condition of the pavement
  • Slickness of the pavement
  • Grade of the road
Handbook p. 46 ↗

Know the rule

Sudden turns, lane changes, or hard braking can cause a skid. Recovery is the same for front- and rear-wheel drive: ease off the gas. Don't turn fast away from the skid or steer too far, which could cause a spin.

Handbook p. 47 ↗

Know the rule

With conventional brakes, turn the wheel in a controlled way in the direction the rear of the car is sliding. When traction returns, straighten out and proceed slowly.

Handbook p. 47 ↗

Know the rule

With anti-lock brakes (ABS), keep firm, continuous pressure on the pedal and steer normally. Don't pump. A mechanical noise, vibration, or firmer pedal means ABS is working.

Handbook p. 47 ↗
Nearly one-third

Share of all passenger vehicle fatalities caused by rollover crashes

Handbook p. 47 ↗

Lower your rollover risk:

  • Avoid panicked steering: overcorrecting at highway speed can make a vehicle slide sideways and roll
  • If you leave the road, don't turn back right away; ease off the gas and return gradually when safe
  • Maintain your tires: bad tires hurt vehicle control, the most important factor against rollover
  • Load properly: your owner's manual gives the maximum safe load and load distribution
  • Use caution on rural undivided two-way roads and divided roads with no barriers
  • Slow down on curves and ramps, and never exceed the posted advisory speeds
Handbook p. 47 ↗

Know the rule

Off a rural road, a vehicle can roll over if it hits a ditch or embankment or is tripped by soft soil.

Handbook p. 47 ↗

Know the rule

A 15-passenger van's rollover risk rises dramatically as the number of occupants increases. Inexperienced drivers, wrong-size or badly inflated tires, and poorly loaded cargo or passengers add risk.

Handbook p. 47 ↗

Put it into practice

Your car has ABS and starts to skid on a wet road. Keep firm, steady pressure on the brake and steer normally. Don't pump the pedal. The grinding noise and vibration just mean ABS is working.

Check your understanding

Read the question, decide on an answer, then open it to check the explanation. These are Roadwise study questions based on the source handbook.

What is a good rule for how far to stay behind the vehicle ahead of you?
  1. At least two to three seconds
  2. At least half a second
  3. At least ten seconds
  4. One car length regardless of speed

Answer: At least two to three seconds

A good rule is to stay at least two to three seconds behind the vehicle ahead.

Handbook p. 46 ↗
If your rear wheels begin sliding sideways in a skid, what should you do first?
  1. Brake hard immediately
  2. Ease off the gas pedal
  3. Turn sharply away from the skid
  4. Accelerate to regain traction

Answer: Ease off the gas pedal

If your vehicle begins to lose traction or slide, ease off the gas pedal.

Handbook p. 47 ↗
If your vehicle has anti-lock brakes (ABS) and begins to skid, what should you do?
  1. Pump the brake pedal several times, very rapidly
  2. Release the brakes completely at once
  3. Keep firm pressure on the pedal, steer normally
  4. Shift the transmission into neutral gear

Answer: Keep firm pressure on the pedal, steer normally

With ABS, maintain firm and continuous pressure while steering normally; do not pump the brakes.

Handbook p. 47 ↗
What fraction of passenger vehicle fatalities are attributed to rollover crashes?
  1. Nearly one-tenth
  2. About half
  3. Less than five percent
  4. Nearly one-third

Answer: Nearly one-third

Rollover crashes account for nearly one-third of all passenger vehicle fatalities.

Handbook p. 47 ↗
What driving error commonly causes a rollover during an emergency?
  1. Overcorrecting or panicked steering
  2. Driving too slowly for road conditions
  3. Braking too gently for road conditions
  4. Leaving the cruise control engaged

Answer: Overcorrecting or panicked steering

Many rollovers occur when drivers overcorrect their steering as a panicked reaction to an emergency.

Handbook p. 47 ↗
Which factor increases rollover risk in a 15-passenger van?
  1. Keeping cargo low and centered
  2. Fewer passengers on board
  3. A higher number of occupants
  4. Properly inflated tires

Answer: A higher number of occupants

The rollover risk of a 15-passenger van increases dramatically as the number of occupants increases.

Handbook p. 47 ↗
Take the lesson checkpoint in the app

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